The terms GoA3/4, GoA3,4 and autonomous trains are used synonymously. Īn umbrella term for GoA3 and GoA4 meaning replacement of human train driver. The goal is to achieve GoA3, a form of "driverless operation with an attendant". Kyushu Railway Company started commercial operation of automatic train operation using the ATS-DK on the Kashii Line (between Nishi-Tozaki and Kashii Stations) on a trial basis on December 24, 2020. Instead of a trained driver, a train attendant sits in the cab, with nothing to do except detect obstacles and evacuate passengers. This is GoA2 with additional functions related to metre-gauge railway. In case of Amsterdam Metro, a GoA2 is able to reverse in GoA4 at the final stations. In addition to GoA1, there is connected on-board train energy optimisation (C-DAS) over ETCS. Examples include the Milan Metro Line 5, Milan Metro Line 4, Line C (Rome Metro), Turin Metro, Brescia Metro, Paris Metro Line 14, Barcelona Metro line 9, Sydney Metro, and the Copenhagen Metro.Īdditional types Grade of automation CBTC is considered a basic enabler technology for GoA4. Controls are often provided to drive the train manually in the event of a computer failure. customer service, but are not required for safe operation. On-board staff may be provided for other purposes, e.g. In this system, trains are capable of operating automatically at all times, including door closing, obstacle detection and emergency situations. It is recommended that stations have platform screen doors installed. Starting, stopping and operation of doors are all fully automated without any on-train staff. Examples include the Docklands Light Railway. In a GoA3 system, the train cannot operate safely without the staff member on board. In this system, trains run automatically from station to station but a staff member is always in the train, with responsibility for handling of emergency situations. Starting and stopping are automated, but a train attendant operates the doors and drives the train in case of emergencies. Examples include the London Underground Victoria line. As in a GoA3 system, the GoA2 train cannot operate safely without the staff member on board. In this system, trains run automatically from station to station but a driver is in the cab, with responsibility for door closing, obstacle detection on the track in front of the train and handling of emergency situations. Starting and stopping are automated using advanced train protection systems like ETCS L2 or 3, but a driver operates the doors, drives the train if needed and handles emergencies. Overseen signals due to human errors are safeguarded by train protection systems like ETCS L1. These levels correspond with the automotive SAE J3016 classification: Grade of automationĪ train driver controls starting and stopping, operation of doors and handling of emergencies or sudden diversions. Operation sheme of ETCS Level 3 as an example for GoA2Īccording to the International Association of Public Transport (UITP) and the international standard IEC 62290‐1, there are five Grades of Automation (GoA) of trains.
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